Monday, 28 April 2014
Monday, 21 April 2014
Documenting Documentaries Nicholls Modes
Realism
Realism is when a documentary represents the topic as it really is. There are many ways to see whether or not the documentary shows realism or not, some ways of how it is done is by making some of the shots hand held which makes it look more natural. This is because the shots won't be set up and prepared for, the camera man will be constantly moving trying to keep the shot good. Actual footage other wise known as archive footage are also used and this is because it makes the video look more authentic and this will make it more effective to the audience because they are able to see videos that are from the actual event. The reason for having this is it will appeal to the audience but also for the audience to know that no parts of the video is false and made up. It acts as a solid evidence to the audience.
Dramatisation
Dramatisation is where the producers use editing, music and framing, camera works to their advantage to make the documentary look as much entertaining as it could even if the information or story being told could be over exaggerated. The effect that this has on the audience is that the audience will be more engaged to the documentary because of the editing. Dramatised documentaries are simply made to entertain the audience more than informing them.
Narrativisation
Narrativisation is a documentary that is done without a presenter, this type of documentary usually have someone talking on a voice over and played through the documentary. This technique is used to tell a story to the audience and this is usually done professionally by having excellent camera language but also by having someone who could present and speak clearly and effectively. Usually the person who is chosen to do the voice over are white middle-class men. the reason why this is done is because the audience will easily trust and believe what they are saying but also, they would make sure that they speak clearly and do not have a strong accent because not many people would understand what is being said.
The Expository Mode
the expository mode is where there is a voice of god or narrator in the documentary that is going through what is happening in the documentary and what is the audience is seeing. the information that is being said are not always true, for instance, in nature documentaries, the narrator "assumes the logical argument". Usually, the person chosen to do the voice over are known to be are white middle-class men. The effect this has on the audience is that they will easily trust and believe the narrator and what is being said. The reason why this is done is because the documentary will need a "Voice of God" who that will go well with the general topic and documentary. For example, if there was a documentary about the WW2, the narrator would be an elder white middle class man because it would sound as if he knows what he is talking about but also because documentary would only appeal to a specific target audience and this would be the right person to choose. However, if a young adult who is slightly on the boarder will narrate the documentary, people would not believe what is being said and also it would not be as interesting neither would it appeal to the right audience.
Wild Lion Ganglands is a good example of this because throughout the documentary, there is a narrator talking about what is happening and what is is going to happen. This narrator is also giving the setting of the place so the audience will know where this is. the reason why this documentary uses a narrator is because having a presenter in this documentary will be too risky and hard to use. This would be because everything happens in a hurry and the presenter would not get in the shot in time. A voice over is also used because the it will guide the audience to what is happening, for example, during 1.45 to 2.16 the voice over says what is happening but also gives out a feeling also also atmosphere such as in 2.01 to 2.03 he said "impending violence is in the air" which shows what could happen. the way that the voice over says it makes it more effective because of how he added of a character to it so it would sound more serious because it was said in a low toned and slow voice. the voice over in this documentary is used for many reason and one other reason would be because it would be a good way for the audience to lean more about what they are watching by giving information and facts about it. An example of this would be on 9:48 to 9.54 where the voice over says what the giraffe would do next in that situation and what tactics they would do. apart from the documentary, the editing pace of throughout this documentary is slow because it allows them to capture everything and make it more interesting because it stays on one thing instead of jumping from one thing to another in every few seconds.
Realism in this documentary is done by what is being shown. the footage from the documentary are real and are what are really happening the world. Also the camera helps show realism by making the shots more unique such as adding slow motion so that the camera captures every detail for the viewer. However the fact that the documentary is just about the wildlife and nature, it makes it real because it is not something that could be staged or setted up, also the producers wouldn't know what will be happening after each step so they would have to keep up to what is happening. Dramatisation is also used in this documentary because in certain occasions there are more editing such as slow motion, this often happens when animals are fighting to emphasise the situation and to make it look more serious and interesting because the slow motion affect will capture every impact and action so the audience could see the force of this and also how a hit from a lion could be lethal. Narrator is also used in this because the documentary is shown in a story by starting with some animals and following them, this is done so that it would look as if the viewer is taking a journey with the animals and following them. but also, they could also capture footage of what would happen to any normal herd and the daily and common difficulties they face.
The observational mode
The observational mode is a mode that is best shown by the camera verity or direct camera in the late 1050's. this mode is when they try to capture footage to be very precise and accurate while the film-makers are observing behind the camera and being ignored the surrounding environment that they do not change or interferer with the footage that is being captured . All or the majority of the shots taken are hand held because of it all being actual footage and not staged so the cameraman would have to quickly get into position and to get everything while everything is happening. for this reason the footage captured would not always be clear because of the camera rushing to get the right position.
This is an example of observational mode because the camera man captures everything that is happening in that moment and the film makers are in the background observing what is happening without interrupting and allowing everything to flow. In 0.02 we see a man walking out the house being casual and the camera man capturing it. this would be observational because from 0.18 to 0.40 there was a short interview between the two people and the camera man had to get both the people in the same shot during the interview with one camera. for this reason, the shot was hand help so the cameraman could quickly get both of then by doing a fast pan from one person to the other. The shot was not staged so the camera man would have to get everything and try to get it better because they only have one shot because they could not do it again. On 0.55 to 1.05, there was a shot of them both going inside the house to see a camera. the cameraman showed this by zooming into the camera at 1.00 while they are talking about it then going back to them at 1.05 back to them talking.
In 1.38 to 1.48 there was an actual footage of the person they are talking about to make things more clear to the audience but also add more of an impact because the audience could see who they are talking about rather than just hearing them talking about the person. this is effective because they are showing real footage to the audience which would make everything more believable and more interesting to the audience.
There was a shot at 2.50 to 3.00 of the man walking his dog and the cameraman would have to capture what he could get. another reason why this is an observational mode documentary is because from 3.50 to 4.49 there was a shot of a man on the phone and showing his real reaction at 4.16 where the camera man does a close up shot of his face.
From 4.50 to 5.25 there was one whole shot of the cameraman following someone talking but also not having the best shot because the sound man was also in the shot but also their faces was not in the shot. However it was not staged so they could not do that whole shot again, the camera man would have to get the shot while it is happening.
Reality in this documentary is shown by the camera language because it is not perfect and in most times it is rushed and not steady as well as the shots not being well in position. from 0.18 to 0.40 in the short interview the were not well done because the pan from one person to another was not straight but also the forehead was cut off such as in 0.21. other ways that makes this documentary real are that some archive footage were used to and this helps because it there are real footage of real people in real situations.
The participatory mode
The participatory mode is when a documentary consists of the film maker interacting or being involved with the subject. this means that the film maker becomes a part of the event that are being filmed. this is the opposite of the observational mode because the film maker could be in the documentary rather than behind cameras.
This is a good example of a participator mode documentary because the film makes gets involved and also interacts with the subject and is also in the story. This programme is about two people who have been dating online but have never met so the film makers investigates and goes to see if the person in the relationship is real or who they say they are. This documentary is partly hand held and partly steady and the reason for that is to add feeling and also make more of an impact. the hand held camera would be in times such as in 15.00 when the film maker meets the guy, this would be hand held because it shows that it is a real situation so it makes more of an impact but also for the camera man to get the shots needed because it is not scripted so the cameraman would not know what to film at what time. Some of the camera shots showing the close ups of the people faces and also their names on the laptop from 2.00 to 3.45 introduced who it is about but also, they film it on the laptop to emphasise the point that the relationship is online and also that the only time they see each other is on the laptop.
This documentary shows realism by showing some of the crew members in the shot such as in 32.31 where the shot shows the cameraman holding the camera. This adds to the feeling of realism by showing that the show is not scripted so no one knows exactly where to be at what time. They use dramatisation in editing, for example, from 16.33 to 18.00 by using music to add more of an impact as it would make the audience more attached to the show because the music used gives a bit of mystery. Also the use camera language to their advantage such as in 17.40 to 14.45 by using a slow zoom in the the persons face showing his reaction and also the music used helps build up the tension and seriousness.
The performative mode
The performative mode is where the documentary is about the film maker and where the documentary focuses mainly on them rather than any other topic. However, this documentary will only show the views, thoughts, opinions and feelings of the film maker so this could lead it to being bias. This type of documentary involves the film maker putting themselves into the situation and what outcomes they get. This is because it will emphasise the emotional and social impact to the audience.
An example of a performative mode documentary would be this because the presenter is putting himself into the situation. This documentary is about him eating a meal in McDonalds and showing the outcomes of it. The documentary shows the presenter testing out how good the food is health wise and what it could do to people. This type of documentary is very effective because the audience could see how anyone would react to this situation and also warn them so they would gain some knowledge from this documentary. Throughout 14.41 to 16.30, there are a number of interviews with ransom and normal people who the audience could relate to because they are asked their thoughts and opinions of the topic. However, 16.19 there is an interview with a police and this makes it more real, trustworthy and also believable to the audience because the police are people who most people would listen to and would trust. Also, to add on to this, there are also expert opinions from people who knows this topic very well such as in 18.48 to 19.11 and he also gives information on the topic. This will make it more interesting to the audience because they would gain good and solid facts and information on the topic.
The realism in this documentary is that the presenter is a real person and he is doing a test to himself to inform the audience, but what makes it real is how it affects him because the causes of that would be from eating too much but also the effect that McDonalds have on people. During the interview from 14.41 to 16.30 the camera was hand held because the crew would not know where the interviewees would be moving but also it has more of an impact because it shows it is not staged or in a studio, it is filmed on a road and random ordinary people are questioned about the topic. Dramatisation is used in this by edits such as from 38.50 to 39.30 where they use animation to show what is happening and this makes it more engaging to the audience and also it is a good way for them to show their point.
The reflective mode
The reflective mode is similar to a re-enactment of a topic what is not the truth but is a recreation of the truth. The documentary shows how it was created by making the audience is aware of the editing, the sound and the recording. This is done because it allows the audience to see the difficulties they may face while filming.
An example of the reflective mode is the man in the camera because it is a slapstick comedy movie and the film makers tries to capture everything in that is happening in that time. In 10.05 to 10.10 there is a shot of a person getting the camera ready then at 10.19 to 10.30 there is a shot of the a man being filmed so it shows the process of what is happening and what they are doing. This allows the audience to know everything that is happening but it also creates an impact because it gives a feeling of how it would be like being there and what it would be like. The film makers want the audience to know what it is like working like them and what they would have to do, an example is at 22.50 to 23.22 there is a shot of a editor looking at the footage on the clips and cutting it then it goes to a shot of the footage.
Realism in this documentary is is done by showing what the film makers would do in that position and also it would be the same atmosphere that they work in. Another way would be that in some parts of the documentary, there are shots of the machines that the film makers use and this is done because the audience will know what they use but mostly it gives out a feeling of realism because they are able to see what is behind the camera. Drama in this documentary is used only in editing by using music to their advantage, this is done by changing the music depending on the situation. For example, when there is a lot of things happening and it is busy then the music will also be fast pace to add in intenseness.
Realism is when a documentary represents the topic as it really is. There are many ways to see whether or not the documentary shows realism or not, some ways of how it is done is by making some of the shots hand held which makes it look more natural. This is because the shots won't be set up and prepared for, the camera man will be constantly moving trying to keep the shot good. Actual footage other wise known as archive footage are also used and this is because it makes the video look more authentic and this will make it more effective to the audience because they are able to see videos that are from the actual event. The reason for having this is it will appeal to the audience but also for the audience to know that no parts of the video is false and made up. It acts as a solid evidence to the audience.
Dramatisation
Dramatisation is where the producers use editing, music and framing, camera works to their advantage to make the documentary look as much entertaining as it could even if the information or story being told could be over exaggerated. The effect that this has on the audience is that the audience will be more engaged to the documentary because of the editing. Dramatised documentaries are simply made to entertain the audience more than informing them.
Narrativisation
Narrativisation is a documentary that is done without a presenter, this type of documentary usually have someone talking on a voice over and played through the documentary. This technique is used to tell a story to the audience and this is usually done professionally by having excellent camera language but also by having someone who could present and speak clearly and effectively. Usually the person who is chosen to do the voice over are white middle-class men. the reason why this is done is because the audience will easily trust and believe what they are saying but also, they would make sure that they speak clearly and do not have a strong accent because not many people would understand what is being said.
The Expository Mode
the expository mode is where there is a voice of god or narrator in the documentary that is going through what is happening in the documentary and what is the audience is seeing. the information that is being said are not always true, for instance, in nature documentaries, the narrator "assumes the logical argument". Usually, the person chosen to do the voice over are known to be are white middle-class men. The effect this has on the audience is that they will easily trust and believe the narrator and what is being said. The reason why this is done is because the documentary will need a "Voice of God" who that will go well with the general topic and documentary. For example, if there was a documentary about the WW2, the narrator would be an elder white middle class man because it would sound as if he knows what he is talking about but also because documentary would only appeal to a specific target audience and this would be the right person to choose. However, if a young adult who is slightly on the boarder will narrate the documentary, people would not believe what is being said and also it would not be as interesting neither would it appeal to the right audience.
Wild Lion Ganglands is a good example of this because throughout the documentary, there is a narrator talking about what is happening and what is is going to happen. This narrator is also giving the setting of the place so the audience will know where this is. the reason why this documentary uses a narrator is because having a presenter in this documentary will be too risky and hard to use. This would be because everything happens in a hurry and the presenter would not get in the shot in time. A voice over is also used because the it will guide the audience to what is happening, for example, during 1.45 to 2.16 the voice over says what is happening but also gives out a feeling also also atmosphere such as in 2.01 to 2.03 he said "impending violence is in the air" which shows what could happen. the way that the voice over says it makes it more effective because of how he added of a character to it so it would sound more serious because it was said in a low toned and slow voice. the voice over in this documentary is used for many reason and one other reason would be because it would be a good way for the audience to lean more about what they are watching by giving information and facts about it. An example of this would be on 9:48 to 9.54 where the voice over says what the giraffe would do next in that situation and what tactics they would do. apart from the documentary, the editing pace of throughout this documentary is slow because it allows them to capture everything and make it more interesting because it stays on one thing instead of jumping from one thing to another in every few seconds.
The observational mode
The observational mode is a mode that is best shown by the camera verity or direct camera in the late 1050's. this mode is when they try to capture footage to be very precise and accurate while the film-makers are observing behind the camera and being ignored the surrounding environment that they do not change or interferer with the footage that is being captured . All or the majority of the shots taken are hand held because of it all being actual footage and not staged so the cameraman would have to quickly get into position and to get everything while everything is happening. for this reason the footage captured would not always be clear because of the camera rushing to get the right position.
This is an example of observational mode because the camera man captures everything that is happening in that moment and the film makers are in the background observing what is happening without interrupting and allowing everything to flow. In 0.02 we see a man walking out the house being casual and the camera man capturing it. this would be observational because from 0.18 to 0.40 there was a short interview between the two people and the camera man had to get both the people in the same shot during the interview with one camera. for this reason, the shot was hand help so the cameraman could quickly get both of then by doing a fast pan from one person to the other. The shot was not staged so the camera man would have to get everything and try to get it better because they only have one shot because they could not do it again. On 0.55 to 1.05, there was a shot of them both going inside the house to see a camera. the cameraman showed this by zooming into the camera at 1.00 while they are talking about it then going back to them at 1.05 back to them talking.
In 1.38 to 1.48 there was an actual footage of the person they are talking about to make things more clear to the audience but also add more of an impact because the audience could see who they are talking about rather than just hearing them talking about the person. this is effective because they are showing real footage to the audience which would make everything more believable and more interesting to the audience.
There was a shot at 2.50 to 3.00 of the man walking his dog and the cameraman would have to capture what he could get. another reason why this is an observational mode documentary is because from 3.50 to 4.49 there was a shot of a man on the phone and showing his real reaction at 4.16 where the camera man does a close up shot of his face.
From 4.50 to 5.25 there was one whole shot of the cameraman following someone talking but also not having the best shot because the sound man was also in the shot but also their faces was not in the shot. However it was not staged so they could not do that whole shot again, the camera man would have to get the shot while it is happening.
The participatory mode
The participatory mode is when a documentary consists of the film maker interacting or being involved with the subject. this means that the film maker becomes a part of the event that are being filmed. this is the opposite of the observational mode because the film maker could be in the documentary rather than behind cameras.
This is a good example of a participator mode documentary because the film makes gets involved and also interacts with the subject and is also in the story. This programme is about two people who have been dating online but have never met so the film makers investigates and goes to see if the person in the relationship is real or who they say they are. This documentary is partly hand held and partly steady and the reason for that is to add feeling and also make more of an impact. the hand held camera would be in times such as in 15.00 when the film maker meets the guy, this would be hand held because it shows that it is a real situation so it makes more of an impact but also for the camera man to get the shots needed because it is not scripted so the cameraman would not know what to film at what time. Some of the camera shots showing the close ups of the people faces and also their names on the laptop from 2.00 to 3.45 introduced who it is about but also, they film it on the laptop to emphasise the point that the relationship is online and also that the only time they see each other is on the laptop.
This documentary shows realism by showing some of the crew members in the shot such as in 32.31 where the shot shows the cameraman holding the camera. This adds to the feeling of realism by showing that the show is not scripted so no one knows exactly where to be at what time. They use dramatisation in editing, for example, from 16.33 to 18.00 by using music to add more of an impact as it would make the audience more attached to the show because the music used gives a bit of mystery. Also the use camera language to their advantage such as in 17.40 to 14.45 by using a slow zoom in the the persons face showing his reaction and also the music used helps build up the tension and seriousness.The performative mode
The performative mode is where the documentary is about the film maker and where the documentary focuses mainly on them rather than any other topic. However, this documentary will only show the views, thoughts, opinions and feelings of the film maker so this could lead it to being bias. This type of documentary involves the film maker putting themselves into the situation and what outcomes they get. This is because it will emphasise the emotional and social impact to the audience.
An example of a performative mode documentary would be this because the presenter is putting himself into the situation. This documentary is about him eating a meal in McDonalds and showing the outcomes of it. The documentary shows the presenter testing out how good the food is health wise and what it could do to people. This type of documentary is very effective because the audience could see how anyone would react to this situation and also warn them so they would gain some knowledge from this documentary. Throughout 14.41 to 16.30, there are a number of interviews with ransom and normal people who the audience could relate to because they are asked their thoughts and opinions of the topic. However, 16.19 there is an interview with a police and this makes it more real, trustworthy and also believable to the audience because the police are people who most people would listen to and would trust. Also, to add on to this, there are also expert opinions from people who knows this topic very well such as in 18.48 to 19.11 and he also gives information on the topic. This will make it more interesting to the audience because they would gain good and solid facts and information on the topic.
The reflective mode
The reflective mode is similar to a re-enactment of a topic what is not the truth but is a recreation of the truth. The documentary shows how it was created by making the audience is aware of the editing, the sound and the recording. This is done because it allows the audience to see the difficulties they may face while filming.
An example of the reflective mode is the man in the camera because it is a slapstick comedy movie and the film makers tries to capture everything in that is happening in that time. In 10.05 to 10.10 there is a shot of a person getting the camera ready then at 10.19 to 10.30 there is a shot of the a man being filmed so it shows the process of what is happening and what they are doing. This allows the audience to know everything that is happening but it also creates an impact because it gives a feeling of how it would be like being there and what it would be like. The film makers want the audience to know what it is like working like them and what they would have to do, an example is at 22.50 to 23.22 there is a shot of a editor looking at the footage on the clips and cutting it then it goes to a shot of the footage.
Realism in this documentary is is done by showing what the film makers would do in that position and also it would be the same atmosphere that they work in. Another way would be that in some parts of the documentary, there are shots of the machines that the film makers use and this is done because the audience will know what they use but mostly it gives out a feeling of realism because they are able to see what is behind the camera. Drama in this documentary is used only in editing by using music to their advantage, this is done by changing the music depending on the situation. For example, when there is a lot of things happening and it is busy then the music will also be fast pace to add in intenseness.Monday, 31 March 2014
Wednesday, 12 March 2014
Conventions of a News Package
News Package
field reporter
Field reporters in this news were used to go to the scene but also interview people. The people that the presenters interviewed were only eye witnesses as there were there but had no experience or knowledge of what has happened. The experts would not be there because it is at the scene of the accident and would by near impossible to find an expert to interview. In 5.00 there was a presenter who interviewed an eye witness. This tells the audience what normal people feels and thinks about this but also it would what most of viewers think in that situation. The presenter was asking simple questions such as what she saw and witnessed because it also shows how they feel but also, the interviewer could not go in depth into the topic because the interviewee might not know too much in the topic. also, in 1.08.00 when an presenter is standing on a green screen in front of the twin towers which makes him look as if he is there.
mode of address
Mode of address in this news is very serious and this is shown by the tone of voice that the presenters use. the shot of the twin tower being in flames already makes the viewer thing and act seriously towards the topic but also, the voice over they use talks in a low and deep tone which add to the feeling of being serious. This has an effect on the audience by making them think more about the topic and not think it’s a funny matter because throughout the news, every presenter, co presenter and interviewer is talking in an honest and severe tone. the way they present it also add into the mood and feeling because most of the shots are of the twin tower bring on flames but also having the voice over to talk about it and what is happening. The accent that they have are all American but it is clear and not a strong accent so that not many people understands it.
interviewing experts and eye witnesses
In 5.00 there was a short interview with a presenter and a witness. Although the witness said that she did not see it happen, she did describe what was happening and what she saw. It was displayed in a split screen which between the presenter and the interviewer. the shot of the interview was not great because in some parts, the interviewer's body was cut half way, but the reason for this is that everyone was panicking and running everywhere, this displays and also add to the feeling of being serious because of how it is being presented but also some fear because of how the interviewee is acting and what she says. the location for this interview was at the scene of where it all happened because it adds a large amount of realism to the viewer because they are interviewing people that have been effected by it but this effects the audience because then they will have some experience of what has happened and how people feel towards the topic.
actuality footage
Throughout the news, there were constant shots of the twin towers. these shots was from a camera in a helicopter because this happened in a city so it would be easy for helicopters and cameras to get there on time but if it was to be in a remote area, there would not be any helicopters or professional camera men, the news would simply rely on the public to get the footage. However some of the footage that was being shown was from as people in the public. This is used to engage with the audience but also realism to show how serious this topic is. using actual footage would keep the audience gripped to the footage and not look away once because the footage being show are ordinary and everyday people so the footage makes it more real to the viewer. during the actual footage are being shown, there are voice over being used in the background and this is used to talk about what is happening but also to keep the viewer up to date with information. The tone of voice being used on top of the actual footage is a also in a serious tone so both the voice over and the actual footage works together to create a feeling that the audience will have.
links to studio
In some parts the news, used links to studio and this is when two people from different places communicate in the news. For example, in 06.45 there is a shot of when the presenter and an expert are talking in split screen. This allows them to discuss about the topic but also not making the audience miss out anything. The effect that this has in the audience is that they can see both people in shot at the same time and both are looking straight to the camera which engages the audience even more. In 23.09 there is a shot of the presenter talking to the camera and giving information and up to date news on what is happening on the topic but also being in a green screen which shows the twin towers being in flames. this relates to the topic and also it would keep the audience looking at the screen because he is talking about something that relates to the footage in the background being played but the reason why split screen is being used is because the presenter cannot be there in the shot so the news does the best they can to get the next best thing. This is very effective to the audience because they will always have attention on what is happening.
example 2 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jK1ZaS6mcBc
report structure
the report structure that is being used in this news effects the audience is that the presenters goes straignt to the topic and give information and straight facts about the topic. the archive footage being used also is used to introduce what they are talking about and who they are talking about. the archive footage that they use is about the story they will be talking about. this would want the audience to watch it more because the are able to see archive footage of the topic they are talking about. this is done becuase the news shows everything they can to the audience and make sure they know everything there is to know on the topic.
Field reporters
Field reporters cover a specific part of the news where they are able to go to the location of where the topic is taking place. For example, if the topic was about football, the field reporter would be next to a football stadium to keep the story relevant to the audience but also so that when the viewer will see the football stadium or the football match behind the reporter, their attention will go straight to the news and what the reporter is saying. most of the topics that field reporters cover are topics that are most popular in public because it would grab the attention to more people but also, they specially pick popular topics because they pay to go on the specific location, so the topic that they are doing should be one that is will definitely give the news some attention. However, sometimes the field reporters go in a location that may not be relevant to the topic. For example, the reporter could go film in a park when talking about the army. This is to just to go outside but the reason why this is effective to the audience is because there will be another location the news will be shot instead of a studio.;
links to studio
Links to studio is used for communication so that the presenter could communicate with the field reporter by asking questions but also so that the reporter could give information about the atmosphere in the specific location. This is done because it allows the viewer to get a feeling of how it would be like being there but also what is happening there. The fact that the viewer is getting live information from someone who is at the location makes them want to watch the news more. The video will vary from live footage to pre-record but this also depends on the topic that the news is talking about. However, the camera language that will be used have to include the rule of thirds, for example, if the presenter is communicating with someone at the event, both the camera would have to be using the rule of theirs because it then will be shown in a professional way and the viewers will not have much criticism about the news and would just listen to what they are saying.
mode of address to viewer
The mode of address is how the reporter presents and delivers the news to the viewer. For example, for the BBC news will be presented in a professional and manner and also speak formal with a deep, and serious voice. However, with other topics such as sports, there will be a younger and lighter voice and presenter that will be used because it would appeal to younger people. The reason for this is because younger people are getting into sports and this will be effective to use. The mode of address means that the presenter would have to make sure their tone of voice and language complexity will be professional in order to get the viewers’ attention but to also set the mood to how the viewer must feel. For example, the presenter would talk in a low and serious tone to show too serious a topic is and would reflect onto the audience.
interviewing experts and witnesses
The difference with interviewing experts to witnesses are that the witnesses will only be an eye witness of the topic or even someone who has been affected by the topic, they will not know exactly what has happened and not have much knowledge of it. However, interviewing an expert will give the audience a lot more information, fact but also their opinions on the topic. Interviewing an expert will give the audience information from someone who knows about the topic rather than one being there by luck.
report structure
The report structure is how the news will be laid out and what they will say in what time. This allows the audience to feed in specific information at specific times. An example of this would be how the presenter introduces themselves and the story line or how the presenter would end his part of the news. This usually ends with the presenter coming up with a conclusion. The report structure will include pars like archive footage, outside broadcasting to engage with the viewer and but also to show how real the news is.
actuality footage
Actual footage is when there is footage that is taken by normal people at the event. This is because the professional camera men wouldn't be there at the time and will not be able to come to the event exactly when it happened but it will be there on a number of days. The actual footage are mostly taken on a simply camera phone and this is because everyone has a camera on their phone but also they won’t be in a great quality which would add some realism to the story.
News - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VfQI1ohBS8A
Actual footage is when there is footage that is taken by normal people at the event. This is because the professional camera men wouldn't be there at the time and will not be able to come to the event exactly when it happened but it will be there on a number of days. The actual footage are mostly taken on a simply camera phone and this is because everyone has a camera on their phone but also they won’t be in a great quality which would add some realism to the story.
News - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VfQI1ohBS8A
field reporter
Field reporters in this news were used to go to the scene but also interview people. The people that the presenters interviewed were only eye witnesses as there were there but had no experience or knowledge of what has happened. The experts would not be there because it is at the scene of the accident and would by near impossible to find an expert to interview. In 5.00 there was a presenter who interviewed an eye witness. This tells the audience what normal people feels and thinks about this but also it would what most of viewers think in that situation. The presenter was asking simple questions such as what she saw and witnessed because it also shows how they feel but also, the interviewer could not go in depth into the topic because the interviewee might not know too much in the topic. also, in 1.08.00 when an presenter is standing on a green screen in front of the twin towers which makes him look as if he is there.
mode of address
Mode of address in this news is very serious and this is shown by the tone of voice that the presenters use. the shot of the twin tower being in flames already makes the viewer thing and act seriously towards the topic but also, the voice over they use talks in a low and deep tone which add to the feeling of being serious. This has an effect on the audience by making them think more about the topic and not think it’s a funny matter because throughout the news, every presenter, co presenter and interviewer is talking in an honest and severe tone. the way they present it also add into the mood and feeling because most of the shots are of the twin tower bring on flames but also having the voice over to talk about it and what is happening. The accent that they have are all American but it is clear and not a strong accent so that not many people understands it.
interviewing experts and eye witnesses
In 5.00 there was a short interview with a presenter and a witness. Although the witness said that she did not see it happen, she did describe what was happening and what she saw. It was displayed in a split screen which between the presenter and the interviewer. the shot of the interview was not great because in some parts, the interviewer's body was cut half way, but the reason for this is that everyone was panicking and running everywhere, this displays and also add to the feeling of being serious because of how it is being presented but also some fear because of how the interviewee is acting and what she says. the location for this interview was at the scene of where it all happened because it adds a large amount of realism to the viewer because they are interviewing people that have been effected by it but this effects the audience because then they will have some experience of what has happened and how people feel towards the topic.
actuality footage
Throughout the news, there were constant shots of the twin towers. these shots was from a camera in a helicopter because this happened in a city so it would be easy for helicopters and cameras to get there on time but if it was to be in a remote area, there would not be any helicopters or professional camera men, the news would simply rely on the public to get the footage. However some of the footage that was being shown was from as people in the public. This is used to engage with the audience but also realism to show how serious this topic is. using actual footage would keep the audience gripped to the footage and not look away once because the footage being show are ordinary and everyday people so the footage makes it more real to the viewer. during the actual footage are being shown, there are voice over being used in the background and this is used to talk about what is happening but also to keep the viewer up to date with information. The tone of voice being used on top of the actual footage is a also in a serious tone so both the voice over and the actual footage works together to create a feeling that the audience will have.
links to studio
In some parts the news, used links to studio and this is when two people from different places communicate in the news. For example, in 06.45 there is a shot of when the presenter and an expert are talking in split screen. This allows them to discuss about the topic but also not making the audience miss out anything. The effect that this has in the audience is that they can see both people in shot at the same time and both are looking straight to the camera which engages the audience even more. In 23.09 there is a shot of the presenter talking to the camera and giving information and up to date news on what is happening on the topic but also being in a green screen which shows the twin towers being in flames. this relates to the topic and also it would keep the audience looking at the screen because he is talking about something that relates to the footage in the background being played but the reason why split screen is being used is because the presenter cannot be there in the shot so the news does the best they can to get the next best thing. This is very effective to the audience because they will always have attention on what is happening.
example 2 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jK1ZaS6mcBc
report structure
the report structure that is being used in this news effects the audience is that the presenters goes straignt to the topic and give information and straight facts about the topic. the archive footage being used also is used to introduce what they are talking about and who they are talking about. the archive footage that they use is about the story they will be talking about. this would want the audience to watch it more because the are able to see archive footage of the topic they are talking about. this is done becuase the news shows everything they can to the audience and make sure they know everything there is to know on the topic.
Friday, 28 February 2014
12 sub genres
Docu Drama
Docu drama is a film based on a true story or fact, it is not a re-enactment. It is based on a true event but over exaggerated presented in a dramatized form. The director would make some changes to the film to make it more entertaining for the viewer but also still have the story. Some films are aimed to make the film more entraining to the viewer than factual as it seems because of how it is presented and the amount of which it is over exaggerated on.some examples are:
The Social Network (2010)
The first example I have for Docudrama is Social network. This Docudrama is about a group of young adults in their collage days but having an evolutionary idea of creating Facebook. This film shows how they got the idea of created Facebook and the story line to how it became one of the world’s most famous sites used in the world. The technique that this film has used is to build tension. The effect this has on the audience is to keep them engaged to the television screen because everything builds up. For example this film started with some students in collage being lost and not knowing what to do until one day they came up with an idea of creating Facebook, from that moment, they were tension started because there were a lot of things happening such as people wanting to sue Mark Zuckerberg. in this video it shows the actor talking to a lawyer but him acting in a way of making it unpredictable of what is going to happen because things doesn't go to plan for the lawyer but also the actor is represented in a serious way as he makes strong eye contact but also with his facial expression that is shown on 0.35-0.38 where is has an over the shoulder shot and showing him expressing his feelings and emotions to the situation.
Catch Me If You Can (2002)
Rush (2013)
Rush is a great example of a docudrama as it is based on a true event and has specific parts that are over exaggerated to make it appeal more to the audience. Some scenes of the film are not accurate and some are, an example would be this, the left picture shows a shot from the film of Niki Lauda's crash and the right picture shows a shot from the real footage of Niki Lauda's crash.
This Docudrama that I have chosen is called Rush and I think that this is a really good example for Docudramas. The film is about a professional sport and it is reflected in way of how it is presented. The film is about the rivalry between two very different people but with the same passion. To be the best. An example of how this is not an re-enactment would be when James Hunt was in his final race and when Niki Lauda went out of the race. It showed Hunt being in fifth position when he was actually in third in the actual race in 1976. The reason why they have done this is to add in more tension and excitement because Hunt would have to overtake an number of F1 drivers in order to win the race. They have also done this as they could use this to their advantage by using editing and sounds to make the viewer more interested and engaged to the film. a good example of this film using editing to its advantage is from 0.00 to 0.11 because of the music being played as it has lots of base and banging such as in 0.04. Another reason is because of the ambulance that is being show but then there is a close up of Hunt with only a nose bleed which shows that the editing was over exaggerated to make the viewer think there was a big car crash but then shown that someone only had a minor injury. This trailer makes the film look intense by having the start music from 0.26 being humorous and not serious however changes on 1.00 to being serious and intense which shows how the film will be like. The song also being played on 01.38 repeats 'I can't stop' which goes well with the film because both drivers does not want to stop driving and will not stop until they win. the editing also cuts to the beat which adds in more effect to the video but also absorb the viewer into the video especially the target audience which will be people who are interested in cars and racing specially F1 racing.
The shot from the film is more detailed but both show the same thing. There are shots from the film that are hand help which adds a feeling of realism.
Before the crash, there was a shot of a car breaking during a corner which causes the crash; this allows the viewer to understand what has happened not to be confused. In each racing scene it also has the roaring sound of the cars engines which adds a feeling of intense and also seriousness.
Docusoaps
Docusoaps are a television documentary series which shows the lives of people but is presented as entertainment or drama. Some docusoaps are easy to relate to because they are 'real' but could also make the viewer’s feel better about themselves or even be able to relate to. Some examples are:
Airport - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9bVWl3ZSZdU
Ice Road Truckers - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fOtNpnONhHE
Deadliest Catch - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N62kluyY8yE
Bear Grylls - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1TvXd-gojk
Daily Show - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKFoJff6k64
Top Gear - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_ed8pBMel4
Reality TV are programmes to show hot ordinary people are. however the programme focuses on the more intense parts and work to make it look like a big deal and uses situations to its advantage to please the audience. some examples are:
Ramsay's Kitchen Nightmares - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jlq5mV37K_M
I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here! - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PjvRrvg7rQk
Big Brother - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cP8nhbaGvbc
Animal Planet - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QXPp_VjzgCA
Mythbusters - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qvw-3SwXOh0
Mythbusters is a show where two presenters does crazy experiments and shows how they do it and the methods they have used. the reason why this show is popular is because they do many experience that no other people do and experiments that are original and that are new ideas. they look into stories that have happened in the past and see whether or not it was true. the people that this show is targeted to are people who are interested in technology and also science.
Braniac - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m41rze10xFo
Wildlife documentaries are made to inform the viewer about animals and the environment. It educates them by giving facts and statistics about the animals but also focuses mainly on the animals because animal lovers would be watching it and they would want to watch the animals. It would be educational to most viewers so most of the wildlife documentaries are presented in a serious way which would help teach the viewers about the animals shown but also they will believe what is being told because of the way it is being presented. They also try to engage the viewers and keep their eyes on the screen, they do this by making shots that people have never seen before such as attaching a camera to an animal to get their perspective of life or close ups of dangerous animals where other people would not want to risk getting close. Some examples are:
Planet Earth - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7rnKywpwFxE
Planet earth is a show where there is a presenter talking about animals in the wild. they usually follow a specific animal and go on a journey with it and talk about. an example of this is on 8.35 - 9.14 where he shows a mother and a baby lion. he explains that the mother has caught some food but wouldn't share it to her cub, this is because the baby lion should be preparing to hunt in his age. They follow the lions day by day and explain what each of their steps are.
The Lion Ranger - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=21R_gLNj4ZE
Nordic wild - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=29S-aSyfUGM
Special Interest Documentaries
Special Interest Documentaries are mainly aimed a small and specific target audience. For this reason, these shows are not popular because it does not reach out to many people and does not interest many people. The programme would often have a presenter that is an expert in that field and knows more about it that most other people do. They choose to use a presenter that knows a lot about the topic because they are interested in it; having a presenter that is not interested in the topic would make the programme dull because it would come across to the audience as being not interesting.Some examples are:
Storage Wars - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r66TvyIMakY
Finding Bigfoot - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-uvyDG3Tr-M
Deadliest warrior - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U96KV3ggztM
Make Over Show
A makeover show is where someone or something gets transformed from looking not so good to excellent. This type of programme inspires the viewers to make changes to their appearance or their house to make themselves feel better. It allows the viewers to get new ideas of what they can to make changes in their lives and because they see change happening with an ordinary person on the television makes them thing that they could also make the changes. A makeover show would often present the problems and situations in a light hearted way no matter how bad it is and keeps a positive tone to it. Some examples are:
Homes under the Hammer - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RcnyuZ46ksE
Ramsay's Kitchen Nightmare - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TAPyI2depN4
Ramsay's kitchen nightmares is programme about a professional and well known chef names Gordon Ramsay goes to restaurants that have bad service, bad interior design and not a lot of experience then within a few days transforms the restaurant from being a horrible and unpleasant restaurant to being one of the best on the road. The way it is presented is serious because most people take food in a way as it is what people eat. During the show, there are constant close ups of food that are being sold and the Ramsay thoroughly examines the food then gives harsh reviews. The audience would also watch it because of the drama because it brings in attention and they do this by using a lot of zoom in to show the reaction but also mostly uses parts of the show where there are a lot of drama then use it to their advantage my over exaggerating it by adding sound and editing to it.
60 Minute Makeover - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u839JAHqMaU
Discussion
Discussion is a show where there are a group of experts who talks about a specific topic, reason why they have chosen to include experts in the shot is because they will know what they are talking about as they have knowledge of it. Through this, the viewers will knowledge on the specific topic being discussed by them. The discussions are usually about up to date things such as the politics or new technology etc. This is important to do because the viewer will know more about what it going on in the world today rather than last year. Some examples are:
Question Time - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFAqOFHbdmA
Top Gear - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eKBGcQfp1DI
Loose women - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QK5klV2kqZ4
A review show is mainly when a presenter is testing a new product and then afterwards giving feedback and straight pros and cons about the product. Presenter is usually an expert because he will then know is good and bad about the product and can give expert opinions on the product. Some Examples are:
Gadget Man - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=etXyp9EHDME
Will It Blend? - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MMmLQlrBws
Gadget Show - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8HC-xf01l0
Chat Show
Chat shows are known as a presenter talking and having a conversation with a guest that is on the show. The show generally has every day and ordinary people as the guests that would want to talk about their problems in front of the public and in a live studio audience that would also ask questions about their problems. Some examples are:
The Jeremy Kyle Show - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phLaA24aZrw
Jeremy Springer - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CjiNd-aZqBE
Steve Wilkos Show - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fHz7rjXPv3c
Magazine Show
A magazine show would bring up a variety of topics and talk about it but always talks about resent events so that each show is up to date and he viewer would want to watch I just to know what has happened since the last show.
Daybreak - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmmBJB57mfg
This Morning - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E0qj4uKyFjQ
The One Show - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_LlwuORooA
Docu drama is a film based on a true story or fact, it is not a re-enactment. It is based on a true event but over exaggerated presented in a dramatized form. The director would make some changes to the film to make it more entertaining for the viewer but also still have the story. Some films are aimed to make the film more entraining to the viewer than factual as it seems because of how it is presented and the amount of which it is over exaggerated on.some examples are:
The Social Network (2010)
The first example I have for Docudrama is Social network. This Docudrama is about a group of young adults in their collage days but having an evolutionary idea of creating Facebook. This film shows how they got the idea of created Facebook and the story line to how it became one of the world’s most famous sites used in the world. The technique that this film has used is to build tension. The effect this has on the audience is to keep them engaged to the television screen because everything builds up. For example this film started with some students in collage being lost and not knowing what to do until one day they came up with an idea of creating Facebook, from that moment, they were tension started because there were a lot of things happening such as people wanting to sue Mark Zuckerberg. in this video it shows the actor talking to a lawyer but him acting in a way of making it unpredictable of what is going to happen because things doesn't go to plan for the lawyer but also the actor is represented in a serious way as he makes strong eye contact but also with his facial expression that is shown on 0.35-0.38 where is has an over the shoulder shot and showing him expressing his feelings and emotions to the situation.
Catch Me If You Can (2002)
My next example for Docudrama is Catch Me If You Can. This movie
is based on a true story where there was a young adult what was poor but soon
learnt how to forge cheques so then used that to his advantage to get as much
money as he wished. This movie allows the viewer to take a journey with him
from him being poor and living with his parents to running away and getting
jobs such as a French teacher, lawyer and co-pilot. This movie was made in 2002
so it would not have many facilities as there are nowadays. However the film
was still presented in a great way by still involving various camera languages
and editing. An example would be on 0.12 - 0.45 which is all one shot which
includes tracking, panning, mid shots and close ups. This is used to keep the
audience engaged and not miss a moment of what is happening but to also show
the actors point of view.
Rush is a great example of a docudrama as it is based on a true event and has specific parts that are over exaggerated to make it appeal more to the audience. Some scenes of the film are not accurate and some are, an example would be this, the left picture shows a shot from the film of Niki Lauda's crash and the right picture shows a shot from the real footage of Niki Lauda's crash.
This Docudrama that I have chosen is called Rush and I think that this is a really good example for Docudramas. The film is about a professional sport and it is reflected in way of how it is presented. The film is about the rivalry between two very different people but with the same passion. To be the best. An example of how this is not an re-enactment would be when James Hunt was in his final race and when Niki Lauda went out of the race. It showed Hunt being in fifth position when he was actually in third in the actual race in 1976. The reason why they have done this is to add in more tension and excitement because Hunt would have to overtake an number of F1 drivers in order to win the race. They have also done this as they could use this to their advantage by using editing and sounds to make the viewer more interested and engaged to the film. a good example of this film using editing to its advantage is from 0.00 to 0.11 because of the music being played as it has lots of base and banging such as in 0.04. Another reason is because of the ambulance that is being show but then there is a close up of Hunt with only a nose bleed which shows that the editing was over exaggerated to make the viewer think there was a big car crash but then shown that someone only had a minor injury. This trailer makes the film look intense by having the start music from 0.26 being humorous and not serious however changes on 1.00 to being serious and intense which shows how the film will be like. The song also being played on 01.38 repeats 'I can't stop' which goes well with the film because both drivers does not want to stop driving and will not stop until they win. the editing also cuts to the beat which adds in more effect to the video but also absorb the viewer into the video especially the target audience which will be people who are interested in cars and racing specially F1 racing.
The shot from the film is more detailed but both show the same thing. There are shots from the film that are hand help which adds a feeling of realism.
Before the crash, there was a shot of a car breaking during a corner which causes the crash; this allows the viewer to understand what has happened not to be confused. In each racing scene it also has the roaring sound of the cars engines which adds a feeling of intense and also seriousness.
Docusoaps
Docusoaps are a television documentary series which shows the lives of people but is presented as entertainment or drama. Some docusoaps are easy to relate to because they are 'real' but could also make the viewer’s feel better about themselves or even be able to relate to. Some examples are:
Airport - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9bVWl3ZSZdU
Airport
is a show that has no actors or even filmed in a studio. It is filmed in an
airport where the camera follows people who are working there to show the
environment of the airport but also to gain some knowledge on what people can
bring with them to the airport but also to know what is not allowed to be in
the airport. Airport gives the viewers an insight so what it would be like to
work in an airport and what people have to deal with. Most of the shots are
hand held because it would be a hassle carrying the tripods and other equipment’s
with them while constantly moving in the airport. By filming hand held also
makes it more real because ordinary people are being filmed and everything that
is happening in the show is real.
Ice Road Truckers - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fOtNpnONhHE
Ice
Road Truckers is a documentary based show that is filmed in the Arctic areas in
Canada and Alaska. In includes active and experience truck drivers that are
able to drive in the conditions set for them such as crossing frozen lakes on
heavy trucks that has a chance to break the ice if things go wrong. This show
allows the drivers to talk about their thoughts and opinions of the situation
which lets the viewer get expert opinions as the drivers are experts on driving
in those conditions.
Deadliest Catch - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N62kluyY8yE
Deadliest
catch is a great example as it consists of interviews which gives the thoughts
and point of views of the people in the show. The techniques that are used is
editing because they use it to create suspense and drama. Most of the shots are
hand held which adds realism as everything in the show is real and anything
could happen. In deadliest catch, each week carries on from the last and it
shows the same people so it is like the viewer is going on a journey with them.
The people in the show are not actors and it is not a staged show as anything
could happen at any moment. At the start of the show it starts with a voice
over that talks about what has happened in the last episode so it lifts off
where it was finished last time. But the voice that was chosen to use was an
adult with a deep, serious and clear voice. Also, the song playing in the
background is downbeat and set that fits the mood of the video. the shots used
are mostly handheld which makes easier for them to film but also it makes it
more real for the audience and doesn't make them think it’s all set. This show
gives knowledge to the viewer such as in 4.48 to 4.58 where there graphics
showing and explaining the worst possible outcome where the helicopter could
freeze and crash into the ocean. there are not a lot of close ups and the people
who are being shown does not talk directly to the camera because they are all
really busy doing their jobs and the camera man is just filming what is
happening which emphasises how active everyone is in doing their job and
engages the viewer because there are many things happening at once and also
there are many risks.
Infotainment
Infotainment varies from being programmes of entertainment to programs of journalism but they all provide information for the viewers watching. The all have presenters most of them does activities that gets the audience or public involved. It is a programme that gives information about a certain topic and also includes interviews and testing which will then allow them to give straight facts between pros and cons of the product. some examples are:Bear Grylls - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1TvXd-gojk
Bear
Grills is a walk-known show that has a large number of facts on how to survive
in many places. It is a show that goes through various survival techniques
which will give the viewer knowledge on what to do if they get lost one day. It’s
helpful because there is a camera man that is following him everywhere to give
a walkthrough of what to do in those situations. The voice over that are being
used are recorded by the presenter but also he talks about facts and
information that will help the viewer.
Daily Show - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKFoJff6k64
The
Daily Show is half entertainment and half journalism. It mainly consists of
entertainment because it laughs at the news and the mistakes they make. An
example of this would be on 3.20 where the presenter is pretending to be asleep
after listening to the President's speech. The show informs the viewer on what
is happening daily in the world but also shows what the presenter personally
think about subject. This allows the viewer to get an idea of what other people
think of the things being shown. The mode of address being used
is very chatty and humorous so the viewer would think positively towards the
show.
Top Gear - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_ed8pBMel4
Top
gear is a very popular show which has a mixture of news and entertainment
features such as interviews, commentaries and reviews. Hand held shots do not
come too often and this may be because it is a professional programme
there-fore it is presented in a professional form. The shots vary from fast
pace to slow depending on the situation, for example, if there is an interview,
the shots will be slow paces however when they are testing a fast car, the
shots will be fast paced as it is more exciting but also the pace of the shot
can reflect on the speed of the car. As it is an infotainment show, the show is
sometimes shown as a talk show where the three presenters have a conversation
amongst themselves but staying to the topic of cars. The camera language being
used is very professional; this is shown from the start from 0.00 to 0.20 where
there are already a large amount of different shots and editing. the different
shots keeps the viewers engaged to the show but also presents the car as being
amazing because it there are different shots of the car that the viewer wouldn’t
see anywhere else such as in 0.06. The black and white used also show
represents class so the show is showing that only the rich would be buy this
car because the presenter said the car costs £240,000 but during the black and
white edit, it the voice over also says other facts about the car such as its
engine and the power it has. The black and white edit allows the viewer to
concentrate more on the voice over than the video because there are no bright
colours exploding into the viewer’s eyes.
Reality TVReality TV are programmes to show hot ordinary people are. however the programme focuses on the more intense parts and work to make it look like a big deal and uses situations to its advantage to please the audience. some examples are:
Ramsay's Kitchen Nightmares - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jlq5mV37K_M
Ramsay's
Kitchen Nightmares is a show where a professional chef goes to restaurants that
are bankrupt, have no customers and makes terrible food. Ramsay is presented as
a strict and harsh person but also gets the job done. This is shown on 5.33 to
05.54 where he talks about how the restaurant offers quantity not quality. The
show is also presented in a professional way as he is wearing a suit so he will
look formal but also by the way he talks. The camera language used varies and
the pace changes from the mood of the video. When the kitchen is busy such as
in 7.10 - 8.10 where there are always cuts because people are moving around
everywhere so it cuts to another shot of a different person or the same person
but in a different angle.
I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here! - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PjvRrvg7rQk
This
show is made entirely for the viewer’s entertainment, it is a show where
celebrities are living in the wild and facing terrifying challenges in order to
win prises. There are two presenters that keep the viewer up to date to what
happens but also guides the viewers by explaining what will happen and explaining
the challenges. They have chosen very different celebrity starts to star in
this show from Olympic starts to TV actors. The purpose of this show is to put
will knows and popular people in situations that would make the viewer want to watch.
Big Brother - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cP8nhbaGvbc
Big
Brother is a good example of a reality TV show because none of the parts are
scripted and anything can happen at any time. They have prepared for capturing
every moment by placing a camera on each corner of the Big Brother house. The
show uses ordinary people but people with different personalities and
backgrounds and makes tasks in order to add in drama and conflict in the house.
The show is only filmed once and never has any re-filmed shots, there are also
some live parts to the programme which shows that there it is only shot once.
There are also interviews with the house mates to allow the viewer to know
their thoughts and feeling. The show is similar to other reality shows however
it does not use camera operators. it is non-scripted which makes the viewer
want to watch it more because they do not know what is going to happen next. When
editing, they only use the dramatic part of the day and over exaggerates it
with editing. an example would be on the start on 0.00 to 1.15 where there is
constantly a fast pace edit and only shots where there are drama happening in
the house and not shots where everyone is just sitting and relaxing. The reason
they do this is to attract viewers and keep their attention to the show because
people would want to know what is happening and how it will all end. It is also
concentrating on the people who have problems in the house to the show makes
the bad person looks worse and make the innocent person look like a victim to
what has happened. This use of over exaggeration adds in lots of drama and
tension to the show so the viewer would want to watch it to the end to see how
everything turns out.
Educational TV
Educational TV is where a programme is educational to the audience. The program could educate many different topics from alphabets to brief information about cars and technology. The audience for this depends on what the education show is about. for example, a cooking show would only interest people who wants to get better in cooking and is interested in cooking but would not be interested in an educational show about cars as it would aimed at a different target audience. Some examples are:Educational TV
Animal Planet - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QXPp_VjzgCA
This
show is a documentary that shows and talks about animals in the world. This
documentary is filled with facts and it is said in a voice over by David Attenborough,
he has been chosen to do the voice over for this show because he is the more
popular person known that studies wildlife but also because he is a white
middle class person with a clear and a faint posh voice. This is effective
because the viewer that is watching this will believe what he is saying because
they would instantly trust and respect him because of his figure, apiece and
reputation.
Mythbusters - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qvw-3SwXOh0
Mythbusters is a show where two presenters does crazy experiments and shows how they do it and the methods they have used. the reason why this show is popular is because they do many experience that no other people do and experiments that are original and that are new ideas. they look into stories that have happened in the past and see whether or not it was true. the people that this show is targeted to are people who are interested in technology and also science.
Braniac - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m41rze10xFo
Brainiac
is a show that is targeted to children as it consists of explosions and silly
experiments, although the experiments are simple, it teaches them about science
but entertaining them at the same time. The show has one presenter and other
subs who are experts in the field of science. Each show shows different
experiments but also the usual explosions to keep the viewer entertained. Also
the show sometimes does experiments that the audience could do at home so it's
a way of interacting with the audience. The song used for this show is very humorous
and light hearted and it fits in well with the show because the show is also
light hearted and the opposite of serious. An example of this is on 3.00 to
4.00 where they are trying to find the fastest way to cook a kebab and came up
with an idea of exploding it. The song being playing is a very upbeat song
because it will give the audience an upbeat feeling. The audience would mainly
be children and only they would be interested in watching this as it is their
form of entertainment. There is also a voice over being used and the person
doing the voice over is a young white adult which it clearer and would make the
audience believe what he is saying. But also, he talks like he is interested in
the topic and not doing the same and dull voice, this is effective because it
also makes the viewer interested in the show. the voice over talks throughout
the show, he talks about what they are doing and also information on what
they are using such as on 4.49 to 4.51 he says it was shared out in a hundredth
of a second which gives the viewer an idea of how fast the explosives
does the job. It also shows repeats of the explosion in many shot different
shot angles from 4.38 to 4.51 with also some slow motion such as in 4.46 to
4.47 which allows the viewer to see every detail of what is happening.
Wildlife DocumentariesWildlife documentaries are made to inform the viewer about animals and the environment. It educates them by giving facts and statistics about the animals but also focuses mainly on the animals because animal lovers would be watching it and they would want to watch the animals. It would be educational to most viewers so most of the wildlife documentaries are presented in a serious way which would help teach the viewers about the animals shown but also they will believe what is being told because of the way it is being presented. They also try to engage the viewers and keep their eyes on the screen, they do this by making shots that people have never seen before such as attaching a camera to an animal to get their perspective of life or close ups of dangerous animals where other people would not want to risk getting close. Some examples are:
Planet Earth - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7rnKywpwFxE
Planet earth is a show where there is a presenter talking about animals in the wild. they usually follow a specific animal and go on a journey with it and talk about. an example of this is on 8.35 - 9.14 where he shows a mother and a baby lion. he explains that the mother has caught some food but wouldn't share it to her cub, this is because the baby lion should be preparing to hunt in his age. They follow the lions day by day and explain what each of their steps are.
The Lion Ranger - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=21R_gLNj4ZE
The
Lion Ranger is a popular show because it is rare to see someone in this kind of
relationship with a lion. The voice over gives facts to the audience and
explains what is going to happen or what is happening. An example of this is on
1.33 to 1.52 where it starts with saying where it is and how big the place is.
This gives the audience an idea of the risks being taken because any animal
could attack at any point of time, the voice over also names some of Africa’s
most rarest and dangerous animals. This gives the audience some excitement also
because of the risks being taken.
Nordic wild - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=29S-aSyfUGM
Nordic
wild is a very well-known wildlife documentary because of the high standards it
offers to the audience. The shots they do vary it also does some slow motion so
the view could see animals in a way that they have not before it also can watch
every details. The documentary has a presenter that also does the voice over,
his appearance and his appended a voice shows that he is a professional on what
he is doing, the way he talks also sounds like he is very interested in it
which comes across to the viewer as being an interesting documentary. This show
concentrates on every small detail of camera shots and language and the reason
this is done is because the viewers could see the wild in a way they have never
seen before. For example, from 0.27 to 0.50 there are very interesting and
stunning shots of the animals being shown and also the scenery. The shots such
as 0.30 shows two animals crashing into each other, these shots wouldn’t be on
any other wildlife documentary and this is what sets this documentary apart
from others. The voice over being used is of a white, elder, middle class man
and he was chosen because people would respect and trust what he says as he
sounds like an expert and he knows what he is saying. The audience would also
understand what he is saying because of the clarity of his voice. The editing
also works together with the voice over so the audience knows exactly what the
facts are.
Special Interest Documentaries are mainly aimed a small and specific target audience. For this reason, these shows are not popular because it does not reach out to many people and does not interest many people. The programme would often have a presenter that is an expert in that field and knows more about it that most other people do. They choose to use a presenter that knows a lot about the topic because they are interested in it; having a presenter that is not interested in the topic would make the programme dull because it would come across to the audience as being not interesting.Some examples are:
Storage Wars - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r66TvyIMakY
This
show follows auction buyers and to see what they buy and for how much then how
much they would sell it for in order to make some profit. There are a number of
people who want to buy some storage and to see what money they could earn from
it. The programme is handheld to show the realism and that it is not fake. The
footage is real and not acted because the people are experts in buying and
selling. In parts such as in 12.45 there are some small interviews with them so
that the viewer could get to know what their thoughts and opinions are.
Finding Bigfoot - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-uvyDG3Tr-M
Finding
Bigfoot is a great example for special interest documentaries because only
people who are interested in Bigfoot or hunting would watch this. In the show,
they always keep to the topic but also asking witnesses such as in 0.15 and
0.33. The voice over being used from 0.00 to 0.58 shows how serious they are
because of the deep voice. The effect that this gives the audience is that it
makes them feel more engaged to the show as it is serious so they would want to
know why the mood on this show is set very serious.
Deadliest warrior - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U96KV3ggztM
Deadliest
warrior is a very special interest documentary as only a small amount and
specific people would be interested in this topic. The reason for this is that
the topic is not popular and would not reach out to a large amount of people;
it is just a specific topic for a specific audience. The target audience for
this show are people who are interested in action and fighting because this
show aims to get two different types of opponents and get them to fight against
another for the viewer’s pleasure and entertainment. This show uses camera
language to set the mood and feeling also to show the impact. An example would
be on 28.41 where the crocodile bites furiously onto the stick. On the bottom
it also shows graphics but it says the power of the crocodile’s bite which is
1,723lbs. This show has also introduced some experts who will make the audience
believe what is happening and also what is being said. The presenters in 5.57
to 6.15 show how interested they are in the show and this makes the viewer want
to watch it more. The interest of the presenters will reflect onto the audience
and they too will be interested in what is happening. The voice over is a very
serious and deep makes it sound as if they are trying to scare the audience in
a way but also keeping to the show because vampires and zombies would already
scare people.
Make Over Show
A makeover show is where someone or something gets transformed from looking not so good to excellent. This type of programme inspires the viewers to make changes to their appearance or their house to make themselves feel better. It allows the viewers to get new ideas of what they can to make changes in their lives and because they see change happening with an ordinary person on the television makes them thing that they could also make the changes. A makeover show would often present the problems and situations in a light hearted way no matter how bad it is and keeps a positive tone to it. Some examples are:
Homes under the Hammer - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RcnyuZ46ksE
This
show is an about two presenters making likes easier for some people by
improving their homes to make it look better, safer and more attractive in the
interior and exterior. They show a photo of how a room in the house was such as
in 0.56 where it just shows an empty room with some damaged walls. They aim to
improve the house and make changes in a budget and a certain amount of time
then sell it to people who would want to live there.
Ramsay's Kitchen Nightmare - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TAPyI2depN4
Ramsay's kitchen nightmares is programme about a professional and well known chef names Gordon Ramsay goes to restaurants that have bad service, bad interior design and not a lot of experience then within a few days transforms the restaurant from being a horrible and unpleasant restaurant to being one of the best on the road. The way it is presented is serious because most people take food in a way as it is what people eat. During the show, there are constant close ups of food that are being sold and the Ramsay thoroughly examines the food then gives harsh reviews. The audience would also watch it because of the drama because it brings in attention and they do this by using a lot of zoom in to show the reaction but also mostly uses parts of the show where there are a lot of drama then use it to their advantage my over exaggerating it by adding sound and editing to it.
60 Minute Makeover - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u839JAHqMaU
60
minute makeover is a good example of a makeover show because it is where people
complete change the design of a house in a small amount of time to surprise the
person living there. The show is mainly shot handheld because everyone is busy
doing their job so the tripod and wires would get in the way and could cause
injury. Also, it is handheld because it the cameraman can move freely around
the room without having to carry anything but the camera. It also shows how
real everything is and how everyone is feeling because they are all moving and busy
so it is shown on the camera language. An example of this would be on 3.30 to
3.40 as it shows everyone quickly doing the finishing touches and the camera
shots always showing long shots because it could then capture everything that
is happening and the viewer would be able to see the mood everyone is in and
would be pulled in because there are so many things happening at once.
Discussion
Discussion is a show where there are a group of experts who talks about a specific topic, reason why they have chosen to include experts in the shot is because they will know what they are talking about as they have knowledge of it. Through this, the viewers will knowledge on the specific topic being discussed by them. The discussions are usually about up to date things such as the politics or new technology etc. This is important to do because the viewer will know more about what it going on in the world today rather than last year. Some examples are:
Question Time - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFAqOFHbdmA
Question
time is about a number of people answering questions but rather than talking about
the facts and statistics, they discuss about their thoughts and opinions. This
show is have guest stars which are experts in the topic so what they will know
what they are saying and give the audience good and useful information.
Top Gear - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eKBGcQfp1DI
Top
gear also allows discussion to be made in their show as well as a factual show.
They have usually make discussions amongst themselves. The main topic they
usually talk about is cars and other related topics about cars. They do this to
update the audience about what is happening in the world of cars and also give
their thoughts and opinions on the topic.
Loose women - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QK5klV2kqZ4
Loose
women is a popular discussion show where women talk and joke about topic that
interests them and what is happening in real life that has happened currently.
There is one main presenter that appears on every show but then there’s other
women who appears in most shows but not every show. This is done because other
people have different thoughts and opinions so they change some people in the
show from time to time to introduce new ideas and conversations. The camera
language for this show is very simple because it follows who it talking. An
example of this would be on from 1.00 to 1.15 where it mainly focuses on the
one people who are talking but then changes to another person to see their
reaction of what is being said. The impact that this has on the audience is
that they could focus more on what they are saying and also have their own
thoughts and opinions on the topic.
Review ShowsA review show is mainly when a presenter is testing a new product and then afterwards giving feedback and straight pros and cons about the product. Presenter is usually an expert because he will then know is good and bad about the product and can give expert opinions on the product. Some Examples are:
Gadget Man - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=etXyp9EHDME
Gadget
man is a good example of a review show because he tries out new products that
are technological revolutionary. He tests products that have not been released
yet and because he is an expert in gadgets, he can give good and straight
feedbacks about the product. He will try a number of different products to see
which is the best to use and why.
Will It Blend? - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MMmLQlrBws
Will
it blend is self-explanatory; it is a show where a man puts products to the
test and to see whether or not the product will blend. He gives a review after
the product has been put through the blending machine and he will talk about
straight facts and opinions whether the product was put to a good test or not.
Gadget Show - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8HC-xf01l0
Gadget
show is a review show because in each show they test a number of new products
and give feedbacks and reviews about the product. What separates this show from
others in the method that they use is they compare the product to 5 other
products to see which one is best in price and best to use. The reason why it
interests audiences is because it is filled with new and amazing technologies
that the viewer would want to get their hands on. There are four presenters who
are experts in technology but also they are young because this show would only
appeal to younger audience. The camera language that they use is very
interesting. For example, from 0.02 to 0.15 there are already many shots and
this will instantly gain the eyes of the audience. Also, the shot from 0.12 to
0.20 is a shot from behind the presenter as he is walking, this shot adds
interest because he is looking back at us and explaining what is happening and
where he is. The show use a number of close ups to their advantage as shown on
0.35, 0.40 and 0.44. This makes the audience concentrate on what the show wants
them to concentrate on but also know what the presenter is doing. The presenter
is a young man and he was chosen because the show would appeal more to the
younger audience so having an elderly man wouldn’t help in hitting the target
audience.
Chat Show
Chat shows are known as a presenter talking and having a conversation with a guest that is on the show. The show generally has every day and ordinary people as the guests that would want to talk about their problems in front of the public and in a live studio audience that would also ask questions about their problems. Some examples are:
The Jeremy Kyle Show - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phLaA24aZrw
This
show is about ordinary people with their problems; however their problems are
not so ordinary. The presenter brings both the victim and the offender into the
same room; this then cause a fight between both the people but this method is
used simply because of the audience’s entertainment and to make themselves feel
better.
Jeremy Springer - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CjiNd-aZqBE
this
show is similar because people goes to this show to solve their problems but
often it ends with fights which then forces the security to separate them. This is also mainly done because of
the viewer’s entertainment.
Steve Wilkos Show - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fHz7rjXPv3c
The
Steve Wilkes Show is a good example of chat shows because he interviews real
people with real problems and tries to sort the problems out. However the show
is known for the crazy problems that each person have such as cheating on
someone. But the show uses this as an advantage to add in tension and drama in
the show so that the viewer would keep watching. The show makes the bad person
look even worse and make the good look like victims. This show is mainly for
the viewer’s entertainment because most people would not stick both the victim
and the offender in the same room because a fight in inevitable. This show does
this knowing there are going to be arguments as shown in 0.44 when the girl
walks into the room to her mum then instantly starts an argument on 0.50 while
the presenter just watches. This is done because the audience would want to see
what would happen if both of them meet and what they would say to each other. However
the presenter guilds the audiences views 2.17 to 2.22 where he shows who the
person in the wrong is. But also, the words that he uses and his facial
expression that he uses in the close up makes the bad person look even worst.
Magazine Show
A magazine show would bring up a variety of topics and talk about it but always talks about resent events so that each show is up to date and he viewer would want to watch I just to know what has happened since the last show.
Daybreak - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmmBJB57mfg
This
show talks about very different topics from sports to news in the London. The
show was made to keep the audience updated in what is happening in the world so
they would have some knowledge of what is happening. The reason for this show
is it informs the viewers about things they would have to know on a day to day
basis such as the weather.
This Morning - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E0qj4uKyFjQ
This
show talks about different things that have happened recently, one of the
topics they talk about is Lee Ryan because it is news about thing that has
recently occurred or is happening. If the show interviewed Lee Ryan weeks after
then the audience would not be interested because it will not be up to date information.
The show consists of topics such as showbiz, weather sports and news around the
world that are currently happening which would help the audience keep up to
date.
The One Show - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_LlwuORooA
The
one show is a well shown show because it talks about recent events that has
happened in places and also have talk about their thought of it. However they
do not always talk about the news, they also talk about things that people are
interested about and would want to hear, this is how they engage with the
viewers. This show interviews Adam Ant and JLS but when the presenters was
talking about the history of Adam Ant, they included archive footage of his
past performances and past songs. During the preview, there was also an
interview with him which makes the audience feel like they are engaging with
the singer. The interview also runs through as a voice over as well. For
example, in 3.42 there is a mid-shot of Adam Ant in an interview but going
along to 3.48 there are footages of Ant's past performances while the interview
is still on. This makes the video flow more and even though it may be simple,
it is effective. The effect it has on the audience is that they can enjoy the
footage play and fans of Adam Ant would have memories also playing in their
head as well as hearing him talk in the interview.
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